The VEG-05 experiment was conducted on ISS between 12/14/2022-3/24/2023 (101 days) to investigate tomato-growth responses and plant-microbiome differences due to two lighting recipes: 90%R:10%B as the “red-rich” treatment and 50%R:50%B as the “blue-rich” treatment. A ground control was performed in controlled environment chambers at Kennedy Space Center providing. After a 48-hour delay, CO2 concentrations, relative humidity and temperature from data downlinked on the ISS were configured to run in the ground control growth chamber. To capture humidity and temperature inside of the Veggie units, HOBO data loggers (Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA) were installed. Before initiation of the VEG-05 experiment, verification ground testing was performed at Kennedy Space Center in the previously mentioned controlled-environment chambers providing ISS-comparable temperatures, relative humidity, and CO2 to help determine watering requirements for the duration of the 101-day experiments. When the tomato plants matured and fruited, three harvests were planned at day 83, 90, and 100 if tomato fruit were present. Other fruit that detached in between these periods were also saved. Water stress in plants led to flower and fruit loss. In total, from the five-surviving red-rich lighted plants in flight, only five ripe fruits were produced, and from the four-surviving blue-rich lighted flight plants, 10 fruit were produced with only six of those ripe by day 100. Additional samples were collected including surface swabs, leaves, and roots and pillow materials from two plant pillows per treatment that were frozen and returned.