Objective of this study was to further validate bone degradation in microgravity as site-specific and preferential to weight bearing bone. An objective of this study was to further understand the role of the mechanical environment in controlling the process of bone remodeling, namely local formation and resorption to maintain a healthy structure. These data from the lumbar 4 bones of Rodent Research-1 mission aboard the International Space Station, are unpublished, and were presented at the 2016 meeting of the American Society for Gravitational Space Research. This dataset derives results from the micro–computed tomography (mCT) assay.