In the Rodent Research Reference Mission (RRRM-2), forty female C57BL/6NTac mice were flown on the International Space Station. To assess differences in outcomes due to age, twenty 12 week-old and twenty 29 week-old mice were flown, respectively. To directly assess spaceflight effects, half of the young and old mice (10 old, 10 young) were sacrificed on-orbit after 55-58 days (ISS Terminal, ISS-T), while the other half (10 old, 10 young) were returned live to Earth after 32 days and allowed to recover for 24 days (Live Animal Return, LAR) before sacrifice. ISS-T and LAR mice were the same age at sacrifice. Both the ISS-T and LAR animals had independent ground controls (10 mice per group housed in flight hardware in matched environmental conditions), basal controls (10 mice per group sacrificed 2 days before launch), and vivarium controls (10 mice per group housed within standard vivarium habitats). Thus RRRM-2 included a total of 160 mice. This study includes bulk RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptional profiling data from cerebellums from 4 (bulk RNAseq) or 5 (spatial transcriptomics) old ISS-T flight animals, 3 old ISS-T ground control (GC) animals, 5 young ISS-T flight animals, 3 young ISS-T GC animals, 3 old LAR flight animals, 3 old LAR GC animals, 2 (bulk RNAseq) or 3 (spatial transcriptomics) young LAR flight animals, and 3 young LAR GC animals. Cerebellums from the right hemisphere were embedded and cryosectioned. Cryosections were either processed for bulk RNA sequencing or placed on gene expression arrays, stained and imaged. Imaging was followed by tissue permeabilization to release mRNA molecules from cells for capture onto the array surface. Subsequently, spatial transcriptomics libraries were prepared and sequenced.