Probabilistic Freeze-Thaw Record for the Northern Hemisphere, 2016-2020

This dataset provides a probabilistic freeze/thaw (FT) data record from 2016 to 2020 for the Northern Hemisphere derived using a deep learning model (U-Net). The model was informed by satellite multi-frequency microwave brightness temperature retrievals from the NASA SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and JAXA AMSR2 (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) radiometers, and trained using daily soil temperature observations from Northern Hemisphere weather stations and global reanalysis data (ERA-5). Unlike other available FT data records that provide only a binary classification of frozen or non-frozen conditions, this product includes both binary FT and continuous variable estimates of the probability of thawed conditions. This product is designed to complement other established binary FT data records, including the NASA FT Earth System Data Record and SMAP Level 3 FT operational products, by providing a probabilistic FT variable with enhanced accuracy and sensitivity to near-surface (<=5 cm depth) soil FT condition. The data are provided in cloud optimized GeoTIFF (COG) format.

Data and Resources

Additional Info

Field Value
Maintainer Earthdata Forum
Last Updated August 25, 2026, 09:50 (UTC)
Created April 1, 2025, 18:27 (UTC)
accessLevel public
bureauCode {026:00}
catalog_conformsTo https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
harvest_object_id 8d9d11bc-2b24-4561-b60c-d561f2433903
harvest_source_id b99e41c6-fe79-4c19-bbc3-9b6c8111bfac
harvest_source_title Science Discovery Engine
identifier 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2323
license https://www.usa.gov/government-works
modified 2026-08-17T22:16:02Z
programCode {026:000}
publisher ORNL_DAAC
resource-type Dataset
source_datajson_identifier true
source_hash 4c51780615c13d71b2bc514b86f73c444268d777c63282f1f138fcd790d396e2
source_schema_version 1.1
spatial ["CARTESIAN", [{"WestBoundingCoordinate": -180.0, "NorthBoundingCoordinate": 90.0, "EastBoundingCoordinate": 180.0, "SouthBoundingCoordinate": 0.0}]]
temporal 2016-01-01/2020-12-31
theme {"Earth Science"}