This dataset includes aboveground biomass (AGB) and vegetation of herbaceous and forest wetland at 5.4 m resolution across the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) in Southern Louisiana, USA, within the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) floodplain. Vegetation classes were derived from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) imagery acquired over the Atchafalaya Basin and the Terrebonne Basin in October 2016 in combination with a digital elevation model. The AVIRIS-NG surface reflectance data were also combined with L-band Uninhabited Airborne Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) HV backscatter and scattering component values from coincident vegetation sample sites to develop and test AGB models for emergent herbaceous and forested wetland vegetation. This study used the integrated airborne data from AVIRIS-NG and UAVSAR to assess the instruments' unique capabilities in combination for estimating AGB in coastal deltaic wetlands. The 5.4 m resolution vegetation classification map for the WLD study area was then used to apply the best models to estimate AGB across the WLD.