North American Land Carbon Reanalysis, 2012-2024

This dataset provides a gridded ensemble of continental-scale carbon and water budgets at 0.00833-degree (~1 km) resolution across North America from 2012 to 2024. The data streams were generated using a hybrid State Data Assimilation (SDA) framework implemented within the Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer (PEcAn v1.10.0). The system integrates the process-based Simplified Photosynthesis and Evapotranspiration (SIPNET) model with machine learning emulators (Random Forest) and hierarchical Bayesian inference. The framework harmonizes bottom-up soil properties from SoilGrids with multiple satellite observations, including Landsat (LandTrendr aboveground biomass), MODIS (Leaf Area Index), and SMAP (Root-zone soil moisture), to constrain major carbon and water stocks and reduce spatiotemporal uncertainties across the continent. This Level 4 product provides annualized snapshots (fixed to July 15th) of critical carbon and water stocks. By combining process modeling with multiple remote sensing observations, it fills a crucial scaling gap between coarse Earth system models and discontinuous raw satellite data. It includes 100 ensemble members and summary statistics (mean and standard deviation) for aboveground vegetation biomass, leaf area index, root-zone soil moisture, and column-integrated soil organic carbon. The data are provided in cloud optimized GeoTIFF format.