This data set provides a digital map of soil orders for the Ji-Parana River Basin, in the state of Rondonia, Brazil (Western Amazonia). Soil orders were manually digitized from a 1:500,000 map from EMBRAPA originally published in 1983. Oxisols and Ultisols are the predominant soil types in the basin, encompassing 47% and 24% of the total drainage area, respectively. Entisols cover 14%, Alfisols 13% and Eptisols 2% of the basin (Ballester et al., 2003). One data file is provided in ESRI ArcGIS Shapefile format compressed into a single zip file (*.zip).