This dataset contains Level-3 Dynamic OPERA Surface Water Extent from Sentinal-1 (DSWx-S1) product version 1. DSWx-S1 provides near-global geographical mapping of surface water extent over land at a spatial resolution of 30 meters over the Military Grid reference System (MGRS) grid system, with a temporal revisit frequency between 6-12 days. Using Sentinel-1 radar observations, DSWx-S1 maps open inland water bodies greater than 3 hectares and 200 meters in width, irrespective of cloud conditions and daylight illumination that often pose challenges to optical sensors. Forward production of the DSWx-S1 data record began in Sept 2024. Each product is distributed as a set of 3 GeoTIFF (Geographic Tagged Image File Format) files including water classification and associated confidence layers.

To access the calibration/validation database for OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent Products, please contact podaac@podaac.jpl.nasa.gov

This dataset contains water surface elevations at selected point locations generated from the AirSWOT data collected during the Spring and Fall 2021 Delta-X deployments over the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins in Louisiana, USA. AirSWOT uses near-nadir wide-swath Ka-band radar interferometry to measure water-surface elevation and produce continuous gridded elevation data. The Level 3 (L3) data were created by masking land areas out of the AirSWOT Level 2 products, then filtering and averaging to the AirSWOT heights to produce water surface elevations at selected points throughout the scene. The AirSWOT elevation data are useful for calibrating elevation and slopes along the main channels, as well as tying observations to open ocean tidal conditions. AirSWOT performance in the floodplain was limited by the presence of vegetation and the very small slope characteristic of two dimensional floodplain discharge. Therefore, the bulk of the AirSWOT data collections were targeted at the larger channels, since the channel discharge provides the necessary boundary conditions for potential overflow to islands and floodplains. The data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) format.

This dataset contains Level 2 (L2) AirSWOT geocoded products, including estimated water surface elevation. The AirSWOT instrument is a Ka-band interferometer and for this study is flown on the King Air B200 platform. Data were collected during the DeltaX airborne campaign over the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana, USA. Flights occurred during the Delta-X Spring 2021 deployment from 2021-03-26 to 2021-04-18 and the Delta-X Fall 2021 deployment from 2021-08-21 to 2021-09-12. AirSWOT is capable of producing high resolution (3.6 m) digital elevation models over land and water bodies using near-nadir wide-swath Ka-band radar interferometry to measure water-surface elevation and produce continuous gridded elevation data. The instrument includes six antennas that form multiple baseline pairs for along-track and across-track interferometry. AirSWOT elevation data are useful for calibrating elevation and slopes along the main channels, as well as tying observations to open ocean tidal conditions and is an airborne calibration and validation instrument for the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite. This Version 3 dataset provides updated data files due to an updated Calumet survey that changed the water level by 0.138 m. This resulted in all the AirSWOT water levels changing by that same amount. For these L2 products, only the estimated water surface elevation in respect to the WGS84 ellipsoid surface, and estimated height above the NAVD88 (GEOID12B) vertical datum files changed. Note that data acquired on September 1 and September 5, 2021 do not meet the expected MAE in-situ comparison and should be used with caution. This dataset contains cloud optimized GeoTIFF rasters in UTM map coordinates for each flight line. In addition, a text file provides basic metadata, including flight line ID, start and end UTC times of data acquisition, processor version number, and the date and time of different processing stages.

This dataset provides dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations alongside their stable and radiocarbon isotopic compositions within the Arctic Sagavanirktok and Kuparuk River watersheds located on the North Slope of Alaska. The data were collected during the spring, fall, and summer seasons in 2022. In field separation of the bulk gaseous components (N2, CO2, and CH4) from the liquid phase was achieved using a degassing membrane contactor. Laboratory isotopic analyses were conducted at the W. M. Keck Carbon Cycle Accelerator Mass Spectrometer facility at UC Irvine. This collection aims to provide insights into the seasonal dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions in these critical Arctic environments, thereby contributing valuable information for climate change research and monitoring programs. The data are provided in comma separated values (CSV) format.

This dataset provides a presentation that highlights the role NASA research and researchers played in developing a wide range of significant, quantitative ecological applications of satellite data. The presentation by Dr Diane E. Wickland, former NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program Manager and Lead for NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Focus Area, provides a top-level overview from her perspective of the development and evolution of the program. Dr Wickland joined NASA in 1985 to manage a newly formed Terrestrial Ecosystems Program. Along with other NASA program managers, she was charged with reorienting the program to be less empirical and have a greater focus on first principles, and to prepare for a next generation of earth-observing satellites. As an ecologist, she thought that focusing on important ecological questions and recruiting practicing ecologists to the program would facilitate such a change in directions. The presentation emphasizes the early years of U.S. satellite remote sensing and covers a few highlights after 2005.

This dataset provides gridded estimates of water channels for the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta in Louisiana, U.S.A. The data show channels with open water that are as narrow as 10 m. These channel estimates were generated from the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) Level 1B interferometric products in radar coordinates acquired in the Spring and Fall Delta-X deployments of 2021, which have a spatial resolution of approximately 6 m. UAVSAR is a polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) flown on the NASA Gulfstream-III aircraft. The data are provided in cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format. The channel estimates can be used to define open water paths in hydrodynamic models and to evaluate model performance.

This dataset comprises the primary inputs and outputs from the ANUGA hydrodynamic model for spring 2021 (2021-03-20 to 2021-04-04). These dates align with the 2021 Delta-X Spring Campaign. Data cover the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta in southern Louisiana, USA. ANUGA is a 2D depth-integrated hydrodynamic model which uses the Finite Volume Method (FVM) to numerically solve the shallow water momentum and continuity equations for fluid flow in broad-scale geophysical systems. The inputs consist of a modified digital elevation (DEM) model, a spatial classification of the friction coefficient modified, and the model's unstructured grid with boundary condition locations. The model's outputs include two weeks of predictions of water levels and mean horizontal velocities at each mesh node at a 30-minute time step. Outputs are provided in NetCDF format, and inputs are provided in GeoTIFF and comma separated values (CSV) format. Also included are MP4 videos (*.mp4) that provide visual summaries of the outputs.

This dataset provides ANUGA hydrodynamic modeling results and input run-scripts for the Atchafalaya basin in the Mississippi River Delta in southern Louisiana, USA, during three windows of time corresponding to the Delta-X and Pre-Delta-X field campaigns in fall 2016, spring 2021, and fall 2021. ANUGA is a 2D depth-integrated hydrodynamic model which uses the Finite Volume Method (FVM) to numerically solve the shallow water momentum and continuity equations for fluid flow in broad-scale geophysical systems. Each iteration of the model was extensively calibrated using a database of in-situ and remotely-sensed observations, including about 54 water level gauges, numerous water surface profiles collected by AirSWOT or lidar, and water level change measurements derived from UAVSAR. The model was forced using observational data collected from NOAA and USGS, and the model mesh was specifically designed to capture channel-island connectivity using high-resolution Planet Labs imagery spanning over a decade. In total, over a month of simulation outputs are included in this dataset, covering different seasons and hydrological conditions in the Atchafalaya and Wax Lake Delta systems. These model outputs can be leveraged with other Delta-X datasets to provide contextual information about water levels or flow velocities at different times or locations within the Atchafalaya basin, and the model codes provided can be used to simulate additional time periods for further analysis in this region. Model outputs are presented in NetCDF (*.nc) format and run-scripts are in Python (*.py) or contained in compressed (*.zip) file format.

The SWOT Sword of Science River Discharge Products dataset from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission and produced by the Discharge Algorithm Working Group (DAWG), provides estimates of river discharge derived from the SWOT Level 2 River Single-Pass Vector Data Product, and includes both unconstrained and gauge constrained estimates that leverage in-situ measurements. The SWOT mission is implemented jointly by NASA and Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) to provide valuable data and information about the world's oceans and its terrestrial surface water such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands.
Sword of Science data products are generated from the open-source SWOT Confluence program and contain river discharge parameter estimates as well as discharge time series for both river reaches and river nodes, following the SWOT River Database (SWORD) structure. Granules from both constrained and unconstrained branches are composed of prior information (e.g., mean annual flow predicted by global hydrological models) and the resulting discharge estimates.
Priors and results files for both constrained and unconstrained branches are available in netCDF format. Users are encouraged to reference the SWOT Confluence documentation and notebook tutorials for full documentation of the data structure and variables available.
Development of the SWOT Confluence program as well as the Sword of Science data products was funded by NASA’s Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) program.

USGS stream flow during storm events around Kings Creek on the Konza Prairie