Accumulating data suggest that the biological responses to high and low doses of radiation are qualitatively different necessitating the direct study of low dose responses. Most such studies have utilized 2-dimensional culture systems which may not fully represent responses in 3-dimensional tissues. To gain insight into low dose responses in tissue we have profiled global gene expression in EPI-200 a 3-dimensional tissue model from MatTek that imitates the structure and function of human epidermis at 4 16 and 24 hours after exposure to high (2.5 Gy) and low (0.1 Gy) doses of low LET protons. Untreated controls and samples exposed to 10 cGy or to 2.5 Gy were analyzed at three different times (4 16 or 24 hours after exposure). Three biological repeats were performed for each condition

We report how high and low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation microgravity and elevated dietary iron affect colon microbiota (determined by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing) and colon function. Three independent experiments were conducted: 1) fractionated low LET gamma radiation (137Cs 3 Gy RAD) high Fe diet (IRON) (650 mg/kg diet) and a combination of low LET gamma radiation and high Fe diet (IRON+RAD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats; 2) high LET 38Si particle exposure (0.050 Gy) 1/6 G partial weight bearing (PWB) and a combination of high LET38Si particle exposure and PWB in female BalbC/ByJ mice; and 3) 13 d spaceflight in female C57BL/6 mice. For each experiment the colon was resected and feces removed for microbial sequencing analysis on a Roche 454 Genome Sequencer FLX Titanium instrument (Microbiome Core Facility Chapel Hill NC) using the GS FLX Titanium XLR70 sequencing reagents and protocols. Analysis of amplicon sequencing data was carried out using the QIIME pipeline. Low LET radiation high iron diet and spaceflight increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes. Low LET radiation high Fe diet and spaceflight did not significantly affect diversity or richness or elevate pathogenic genera. Spaceflight increased Clostridiales and decreased Lactobacillales and similar trends were observed in the experiment using a ground-based model of microgravity suggesting altered gravity may affect colonic microbiota. Microbiota characteriztion in these models is a first step in understanding the impact of the space environment on intestinal health.

The whole-genome sequences of eight fungal strains that were selected for exposure to microgravity at the International Space Station are presented here. These baseline sequences will help to understand the observed production of novel bioactive compounds.

Results from C-20A science flights (30 October to 2 November 2017) collecting airborne microorganisms in the troposphere and lower stratosphere.

Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) was launched on April 28, 2006 to study the impact of clouds and aerosols on the Earth’s radiation budget and climate. It flies in formation with five other satellites in the international “A-Train” (PDF) constellation for coincident Earth observations. The CALIPSO satellite comprises three instruments, the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR), and the Wide Field Camera (WFC). CALIPSO is a joint satellite mission between NASA and the French Agency, CNES. These data consist 5 km aerosol layer data.

The aerosol optical depth processing includes the spectral de-convolution algorithm (SDA) described in O'Neill et al. (2003). This algorithm yields fine (sub-micron) and coarse (super-micron) aerosol optical depths at a standard wavelength of 500 nm (from which FMF*, the fraction of fine mode to total aerosol optical depth can be computed).

Accumulating data suggest that the biological responses to high and low doses of radiation are qualitatively different necessitating the direct study of low dose responses. Most such studies have utilized 2-dimensional culture systems which may not fully represent responses in 3-dimensional tissues. To gain insight into low dose responses in tissue we have profiled global gene expression in EPI-200 a 3-dimensional tissue model from MatTek that imitates the structure and function of human epidermis at 4 16 and 24 hours after exposure to high (2.5 Gy) and low (0.1 Gy) doses of low LET protons. Untreated controls and samples exposed to 10 cGy or to 2.5 Gy were analyzed at three different times (4 16 or 24 hours after exposure). Three biological repeats were performed for each condition

The whole-genome sequences of eight fungal strains that were selected for exposure to microgravity at the International Space Station are presented here. These baseline sequences will help to understand the observed production of novel bioactive compounds.

We report how high and low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation microgravity and elevated dietary iron affect colon microbiota (determined by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing) and colon function. Three independent experiments were conducted: 1) fractionated low LET gamma radiation (137Cs 3 Gy RAD) high Fe diet (IRON) (650 mg/kg diet) and a combination of low LET gamma radiation and high Fe diet (IRON+RAD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats; 2) high LET 38Si particle exposure (0.050 Gy) 1/6 G partial weight bearing (PWB) and a combination of high LET38Si particle exposure and PWB in female BalbC/ByJ mice; and 3) 13 d spaceflight in female C57BL/6 mice. For each experiment the colon was resected and feces removed for microbial sequencing analysis on a Roche 454 Genome Sequencer FLX Titanium instrument (Microbiome Core Facility Chapel Hill NC) using the GS FLX Titanium XLR70 sequencing reagents and protocols. Analysis of amplicon sequencing data was carried out using the QIIME pipeline. Low LET radiation high iron diet and spaceflight increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes. Low LET radiation high Fe diet and spaceflight did not significantly affect diversity or richness or elevate pathogenic genera. Spaceflight increased Clostridiales and decreased Lactobacillales and similar trends were observed in the experiment using a ground-based model of microgravity suggesting altered gravity may affect colonic microbiota. Microbiota characteriztion in these models is a first step in understanding the impact of the space environment on intestinal health.

Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) was launched on April 28, 2006 to study the impact of clouds and aerosols on the Earth’s radiation budget and climate. It flies in formation with five other satellites in the international “A-Train” (PDF) constellation for coincident Earth observations. The CALIPSO satellite comprises three instruments, the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR), and the Wide Field Camera (WFC). CALIPSO is a joint satellite mission between NASA and the French Agency, CNES. These data consist 5 km aerosol layer data.