This product provides MERRA-2 bias-corrected global hourly surface total PM2.5 mass concentration with the same horizontal spatial resolution as MERRA-2, covering a temporal range from 2000 to 2024. It is derived using a machine learning (ML) approach with a convolutional neural network (CNN) method and is specifically developed for the NASA Health and Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (HAQAST).

The dataset consists of two parameters: MERRA2_CNN_Surface_PM25 and QFLAG. MERRA2_CNN_Surface_PM25, a 3-dimensional variable (time, latitude, longitude), represents the surface PM2.5 concentrations in µg/m³. QFLAG denotes the quality of data at each grid point, where 4 indicates the highest quality and 1 indicates the lowest quality. It is recommended to use QFLAG values of 3 and 4 for quantitative analysis.

The Natural Resource Protection and Child Health Indicators, 2023 Release, is produced in support of the U.S. Millennium Challenge Corporation as selection criteria for funding eligibility. The Natural Resource Protection Indicator (NRPI) and Child Health Indicator (CHI) are based on proximity-to-target scores ranging from 0 to 100 (at target). The NRPI covers 76 countries which are eligible for MCC funding and is using the 2022 Environmental Performance Index. The CHI is a composite index for 198 countries derived from the average of three proximity-to-target scores for at least basic access to water, at least basic access to sanitation, and child mortality rates. The 2023 release includes a consistent time series of NRPI scores for 2019 to 2022 and CHI scores for 2010 to 2022.

M2TUNXAER (or tavgU_2d_aer_Nx) is a time-averaged 2-dimensional monthly diurnal means data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of assimilated aerosol diagnostics, such as column mass density of aerosol components (black carbon, dust, sea salt, sulfate, and organic carbon), surface mass concentration of aerosol components, and total extinction (and scattering ) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 550 nm. The total PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 may be derived with the formula described in the FAQs under the Documentation tab of this page. This data collection is the monthly mean of data fields for each hour and is time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, … , 23:30 UTC.

MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.

Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.

MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.

Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).

This product provides HAQES 3-hourly ensemble mean surface PM2.5 Black Carbon concentration at the county level over the continental United States (CONUS).

The Hazardous Air Quality Ensemble System (HAQES) is a real-time ensemble forecast of hazardous air quality events, such as wildfires, dust storms, and Volcanic eruptions. Both regional and global models from multiple agencies are used to create the ensemble, including the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) from Naval Research Laboratory, the Global Ensemble Forecast System Aerosols (GEFS), High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (NOAA-EPA) Atmosphere-Chemistry Coupler-Community Multiscale Air Quality model (NACC-CMAQ) from NOAA. The prototypes of HAQES products were developed by the George Mason University Air Quality Laboratory as part of the NASA Health Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST).

The Sub-global Scenarios that Extend the Global SSP Narratives: Literature Database, Version 1, 2014-2021 consists of 37 columns of bibliographic data, methodological and analytical insights, from 155 articles published from 2014 to 2021 that extended the narratives of global SSPs. Local and regional scale Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) have grown largely in addressing Climate Change Impact, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (CCIAV) assessments at sub-global levels. Common elements of these studies, besides their focus on CCIAV, are the use of both quantitative and qualitative elements of the SSPs. To explore and learn from current literature on novel methods and insights on extending SSPs, the sub-global extended SSPs literature database is constructed in the research for analyses. The database was developed in four stages: searches; screening; data extraction; and coding. The search stage incorporated three approaches: using a search string in three academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, ScienceDirect); a targeted search of a specific relevant database (ICONICS); and a targeted selection in Google Scholar of all papers that cited the publication of the global SSP narratives. In the screening step, criteria were assessed for full-text papers for eligibility including relevant typologies, methodologies, and other criteria. Finally, data from eligible papers was extracted and entered in a coding framework in an Excel workbook spreadsheet. The coding framework resulted in 37 columns to systematize coding of data from the 155 papers selected along several different dimensions, including categories of papers or analysis, several subcategories for SSP Applications and SSP Extensions, specific SSPs used, specific Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) used, typologies of extensions of qualitative and quantitative SSPs, and the types of models and nature of the extended SSPs.

This site discusses traditional ways people in Western Alaska and Chukotka, Russia, use plants for food medicine and other purposes.

Beringia is the region including the Bering Strait and the land on either side of it. Some people define the term narrowly to include only the westernmost part of the Seward Peninsula in Alaska and the easternmost part of the Chukotsky Peninsula in Russia. However, we prefer a broader definition that includes much of Alaska and Chukotka.

Ethnobotany is the study of the relationship between people and plants. This includes how people use plants, for example, as food, medicine, for construction, and for many other purposes. It also includes how plants are named and classified, as well as stories, legends, and other beliefs about plants.

This product provides HAQES 3-hourly ensemble mean surface total PM2.5 concentration over the continental United States (CONUS) and surrounding regions. The data is mapped on Lambert projection.

The Hazardous Air Quality Ensemble System (HAQES) is a real-time ensemble forecast of hazardous air quality events, such as wildfires, dust storms, and Volcanic eruptions. Both regional and global models from multiple agencies are used to create the ensemble, including the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) from Naval Research Laboratory, the Global Ensemble Forecast System Aerosols (GEFS), High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (NOAA-EPA) Atmosphere-Chemistry Coupler-Community Multiscale Air Quality model (NACC-CMAQ) from NOAA. The prototypes of HAQES products were developed by the George Mason University Air Quality Laboratory as part of the NASA Health Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST).

This product provides HAQES 3-hourly ensemble mean surface total PM2.5 concentration at the county level over the continental United States (CONUS).

The Hazardous Air Quality Ensemble System (HAQES) is a real-time ensemble forecast of hazardous air quality events, such as wildfires, dust storms, and Volcanic eruptions. Both regional and global models from multiple agencies are used to create the ensemble, including the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) from Naval Research Laboratory, the Global Ensemble Forecast System Aerosols (GEFS), High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (NOAA-EPA) Atmosphere-Chemistry Coupler-Community Multiscale Air Quality model (NACC-CMAQ) from NOAA. The prototypes of HAQES products were developed by the George Mason University Air Quality Laboratory as part of the NASA Health Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST).

This product provides HAQES 3-hourly ensemble mean surface total PM2.5 concentration at the census level over the continental United States (CONUS).

The Hazardous Air Quality Ensemble System (HAQES) is a real-time ensemble forecast of hazardous air quality events, such as wildfires, dust storms, and Volcanic eruptions. Both regional and global models from multiple agencies are used to create the ensemble, including the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) from Naval Research Laboratory, the Global Ensemble Forecast System Aerosols (GEFS), High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (NOAA-EPA) Atmosphere-Chemistry Coupler-Community Multiscale Air Quality model (NACC-CMAQ) from NOAA. The prototypes of HAQES products were developed by the George Mason University Air Quality Laboratory as part of the NASA Health Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST).

This product provides HAQES 3-hourly ensemble mean surface PM2.5 Organic Carbon concentration over the continental United States (CONUS) and surrounding regions. The data is mapped on Lambert projection.

The Hazardous Air Quality Ensemble System (HAQES) is a real-time ensemble forecast of hazardous air quality events, such as wildfires, dust storms, and Volcanic eruptions. Both regional and global models from multiple agencies are used to create the ensemble, including the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) from Naval Research Laboratory, the Global Ensemble Forecast System Aerosols (GEFS), High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (NOAA-EPA) Atmosphere-Chemistry Coupler-Community Multiscale Air Quality model (NACC-CMAQ) from NOAA. The prototypes of HAQES products were developed by the George Mason University Air Quality Laboratory as part of the NASA Health Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST).