Four days old rice calli were selected to grow 324h under spaceflight controls 1g-flight controls and 1g-ground controls. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying cellularisation and identified distinct classes of up-regulated genes during this process. Rice calli were selected at different treatment for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We sought to obtain the diff-genes that caused by the microgravity.

We investigated differentially regulated genes in human myelomonocytic U937 cells in 20s and 5min microgravity and in hypergravity and compared expression profiles to identify potential gravity-regulated genes and adaptation processes. Overall design: Human myelomonocytic U937 cells were exposed to altered gravity during a sounding rocket mission.

Plants exhibit a robust transcriptional response to gamma radiation which includes the induction of transcripts required for homologous recombination and the suppression of transcripts that promote cell cycle progression. Various DNA damaging agents induce different spectra of DNA damage as well as collateral damage to other cellular components and therefore are not expected to provoke identical responses by the cell. Here we study the effects of two different types of ionizing radiation (IR) treatment HZE (1 GeV Fe26+ high mass high charge and high energy relativistic particles) and gamma photons on the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Both types of IR induce small clusters of radicals that can result in the formation of double strand breaks (DSBs) but HZE also produces linear arrays of extremely clustered damage. We performed these experiments across a range of time points (1.5-24 h after irradiation) in both wild-type plants and in mutants defective in the DSB-sensing protein kinase ATM. The two types of IR exhibit a shared double strand break-repair-related damage response although they differ slightly in the timing degree and ATM-dependence of the response. The ATM-dependent DNA metabolism-related transcripts of the DSB response were also induced by other DNA damaging agents but were not induced by conventional stresses. Both Gamma and HZE irradiation induced at 24 h post-irradiation ATM-dependent transcripts associated with a variety of conventional stresses; these were overrepresented for pathogen response rather than DNA metabolism. In contrast only HZE-irradiated plants at 1.5 h after irradiation exhibited an additional and very extensive transcriptional response shared with plants experiencing extended night. This response was not apparent in gamma-irradiated plants.

Analysis of effect of hindlimb suspension and reloading on C57Bl/6 mouse soleus muscle. Experimental groups examined: -Control mice 14 days -Hindlimb suspension for 7 days -Hindlimb suspension for 7 days and subsequent reloading for 1 day -Hindlimb suspension for 7 days and subsequent reloading for 7 days

Anoxia induces several heat shock proteins and a heat pre-treatment can acclimatize Arabidopsis seedlings to a subsequent anoxic treatment. In this work we analyzed the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to anoxia heat and a combined heat+anoxia stress. A significant overlapping between the anoxic and heat shock responses has been observed by whole-genome microarray analysis. Overall design: We treated Arabidopsis seedling 4-days old dark germinated with: Control (23C dark liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Heat-treated (38C for 90 minutes dark liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Anoxia-treated (23C under anoxia for 6h dark liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Combined heat+Anoxia-treatment (23C treated at 38C for 90 min and thereafter under anoxia for 6h dark liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Two biological replicates for each condition.

Arabidopsis thaliana wild type cell cultures were exposed to a 5-day space flight onboard of Shenzhou 8 to identify microgravity and space effect related gene expression.

Articular and sterno-costal cartilages were isolated from skeletally-mature mice flown for 30 days on the BION-M1 mission. Samples were characterized histologically for proteoglycan loss and at the gene expression levels using Affymetrix gene arrays.

Spaceflight imposes the risk of skeletal muscle atrophy for astronauts. The understanding of muscle atrophy because of spaceflight is limited but continued efforts are essential for developing countermeasures of this effect. A distinct difference between spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy and other forms of atrophy is the additional effect of cosmic rays in outer space. To study spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy we performed two ground-based models of microgravity in a low dose radiation environment and studied transcriptional changes in rat soleus muscle using microarray technology.

To determine how host irradiation affects tumor profiles in 10 month aged mice treated with HZE or gamma irradiation.

Using a novel flood source construct we performed a direct comparison of genome-wide gene expression regulations resulting from exposure of primary human prostate fibroblast cultures to acute (10cGy and 200cGy) and longer-term chronic (1.0-2.45cGy cumulative over 24hr) exposures.