The Observational Products for End-Users from Remote Sensing Analysis (OPERA) Coregistered Single-Look Complex (CSLC) from Sentinel-1 validated product consists of Single Look Complex (SLC) images which contain both amplitude and phase information of the complex radar return. The amplitude is primarily determined by ground surface properties (e.g., terrain slope, surface roughness, and physical properties), and phase primarily represents the distance between the radar and ground targets corrected for the geometrical distance between the two based on the knowledge from Digital Elevation Model and platform’s position, i.e., the CSLC phase represents residual geometrical distance between the sensor and target, the atmospheric propagation delay and the target movements. The CSLC-S1 product is derived from Copernicus Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B Interferometric Wide (IW) SLC data, provided by the European Space Agency. The CSLC images are precisely aligned or “coregistered” to a pre-defined UTM/Polar stereographic map projection systems and posted at 5x10 m spacing in east and north direction, respectively. Each CSLC-S1 product corresponds to a single S1 burst and is distributed as a Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (HDF5) file following the CF-1.8 convention containing both data raster layers (e.g., geocoded complex backscatter, low-resolution correction look-up tables) and product metadata. OPERA CSLC-S1 products are available over North America which includes the USA and U.S. Territories, Canada within 200 km of the U.S. border, and all mainland countries from the southern U.S. border down to and including Panama. Due to the S1 mission’s narrow orbital tube, radar-geometry layers vary slightly over time for each position on the ground, and therefore are considered static. These static layers are provided separately from the OPERA CLSLC-S1 product, as they are produced only once or a limited number of times. The static layers are available in the associated OPERA Coregistered Single-Look Complex from Sentinel-1 Static Layers validated product (Version 1).

This data set contains hydrology, soils, radiation, cloud, and vegetation data from the International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative I. The ISLSCP data sets should provide LBA modelers with many of the fields required to describe boundary conditions, and to initialize and force a wide range of land-biosphere-atmosphere models. All of the data have been processed to the same global spatial resolution (1 deg. x 1 deg.), using the same land/sea mask and steps have been taken to ensure spatial and temporal continuity of the data. The data sets cover the period 1987-1988 at 1-month time resolution for most of the seasonally varying quantities. For this pre-LBA data set, the ISLSCP I data are provided as global coverages. The companion file illustrations were subset over the LBA study area, from 35-85 deg. W longitude and 20 deg. S to 10 deg. N latitude, as shown in Figure 1.The data files and illustrations are organized into the three groups listed below.1. Hydrology and Soils2. Radiation and Clouds3. VegetationThe data within each of these areas were acquired from a variety of sources including model output, satellites, and ground measurements. The individual data sets were provided in a variety of forms. In some cases, this required the data publication team to regrid and reformat data sets and in others to produce monthly averages from finer resolution data. The specific processing for each data set is detailed in the documentation. The processed, quality controlled and integrated data in the documented Pre-LBA Data sets were originally published as a set of three CD-ROMs (Marengo and Victoria, 1998) but are now archived individually.

This data set provides a digital mosaic of the Amazon River floodplain that was compiled using Landsat TM images. This mosaic was planned in July 1995 as an activity of the EOS-IDS Project that was developed with cooperation among INPE, CENA, University of Washington in Seattle (UW), University of California in Santa Barbara (UCSB), and NASA. The mosaic is composed by 29 Landsat TM images covering a period from 1986 to 1995 that were selected with minimum cloud cover and within the July to September high water season of the Amazon River. These images were geometrically corrected using ground control points extracted from topographic charts and image charts at the 1:250,000 scale. In addition, these images were radiometrically rectified to 231/062 (Manaus region) TM image using the method developed by Hall et al. (1991). The radiometric rectification applied had a good performance for bands 3, 5, and 7, for most of the scenes. For bands 1 and 2 the radiometric rectification was limited, especially for scenes with intense haze. Nevertheless, the overall performance of radiometric normalization allowed the production of a uniform data set for the entire Brazilian Amazon River mainstem floodplain. The mosaic was then built using the best bands (rectified or non-rectified) of the TM images with 90 meter spatial resolution. The mosaic data are provided in geoTIFF-formatted files, rectified and geocoded, for six TM bands (1 to 5 and 7) with 90-meter spatial resolution. The mosaic is divided in two parts: Part 1, from the mouth of the Amazon river in Brazil to the Brazil/Peru boundary and Part 2, from the Brazil/Peru boundary to its spring.There is also a 500-meter resolution mosaic covering all the Amazon river (from spring to the mouth) with geoTIFF-formatted data files for TM bands 3, 4, and 5. The processed, quality controlled and integrated data in the documented Pre-LBA Data sets were originally published as a set of three CD_ROMs (Marengo and Victoria, 1998) but are now archived individually.

Surface parameter digital maps of vegetation, soil, and topography were obtained for Rondonia, Brazil, covering the 5x5 degree region bounded by 13-8 degrees S and 65-60 degrees W. Numerical maps of the natural landscape structure were prepared by digitizing existing 1:1,000,000 maps. Satellite data give information about the most recent modifications of the surface due to human activities. This mapping work was the first step of a mesoscale meteorological modeling program (Calvet et al., 1997) in forested and deforested Southwestern Amazonia (Rondonia, Brazil). This work was performed in the framework of a research program (CABARE) supported by the European Union, CEC Environment Program.Data are provided in ArcGIS ArcInfo grid ascii format for the following surface parameters:Elevation of terrain of the Rondonia region (altitude.txt)LANDSAT-derived vegetation classification of the Rondonia region in 1993-1994 (classify.txt)Soil classification of the Rondonia region (soil.txt)Sand and Clay of the Rondonia region (sand.txt and clay.txt)Vegetation classification of the Rondonia region from RADAMBRASIL (Macedo et al., 1979) (vegetation.txt)

This dataset provides an updated digital elevation model (DEM) for the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins in coastal Louisiana, USA. The DEM is updated from the Pre-Delta-X DEM and extended to the full Delta-X study area. This DEM was developed from multiple data sources, including sonar data collected during Pre-Delta-X and Delta-X campaigns, bathymetric data from the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority System-Wide Assessment and Monitoring System (CPRA SWAMP), and NOAA, and topography from the National Elevation Dataset and LiDAR from US Geological Survey (USGS). The provided data layers include the DEM, a binary water/land mask, data source flags, and eight layers with analysis weighting factors for each pixel. Elevation values are provided in meters with respect to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). The weighting factors indicate how each data source contributed to this multisource DEM. The data are provided in cloud-optimized GeoTIFF (CoG) format.

This dataset provides turbidity measurements with co-located water and air pressure and temperature measurements in portions of the Mississippi River Delta, coastal Louisiana, US. Data were collected at five sites in Atchafalaya River Basin in Spring (2021-03-24 to 2021-04-02) and eight sites in the Atchafalaya River and Terrebonne Basins in Fall 2021 (2021-08-16 to 2021-08-27). In order to sample various hydrodynamic conditions, sensors were deployed at island edges, island interior, and other portions of wetlands. Sensors recorded turbidity, absolute pressure, and temperature. The Delta-X mission is a 5-year NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-3 mission to study the Mississippi River Delta in the United States, which is growing and sinking in different areas. River deltas and their wetlands are drowning as a result of sea level rise and reduced sediment inputs. The Delta-X mission will determine which parts will survive and continue to grow, and which parts will be lost. Delta-X begins with airborne and in situ data acquisition and carries through data analysis, model integration, and validation to predict the extent and spatial patterns of future deltaic land loss or gain. The data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) files.

This dataset includes above water measurements of remote-sensing reflectance measured in situ at field sampling stations during the Delta-X 2021 field efforts. Measurements were collected in the Atchafalaya River and Terrebonne Basins on the southern coast of Louisiana from 2021-03-25 to 2021-04-22 (spring) and from 2021-08-14 to 2021-09-24 (fall). Field sampling was paused on 2021-08-25 and resumed on 2021-09-13 due to the landfall of Hurricane Ida on 2021-08-26 approximately 70 km east of the study site. Water quality changes caused by the hurricane were expected to be minimal. Reflectance was measured near-simultaneously with collection of field samples and in-water sediment parameters in multiple channels of varying width (from a few meters to >100 m), near Delta-X intensive study sites, in open bays and lakes, and at a few locations in the nearshore Gulf of Mexico. For each in situ collection, a handheld Portable SpectroRadiometer (PSR-1100f, Spectral Evolution) was used to measure radiance from: (a) a highly reflective (>99% reflectance) Lambertian Spectralon panel (b) from the sky, measured at 40 degrees from the solar zenith and at 135 degrees from the sun azimuthal plane, (c) from the water, measured at 40 degrees from nadir and at 135 degrees from the sun azimuthal plane. These measurements were used to calculate remote-sensing reflectance and the water-leaving radiance relative to downwelling irradiance, including a correction for the influence of reflected skylight. In Version 3, the data files with this dataset replace and update the data files in Version 2. A minor update was made to the code used to calculate the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). These data are provided in comma-separated values (.csv) format.

Sentinel-1 Interferometric Wide (IW) and Extra Wide (EW) swath modes are collected using a form of ScanSAR imaging called Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans SAR (TOPSAR). With TOPSAR data is acquired in bursts by cyclically switching the antenna beam between multiple adjacent sub-swaths. Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex (SLC) products contain one image per sub-swath and one per polarization channel. Each sub-swath image consists of a series of overlapping bursts, where each burst has been processed as a separate SLC image. The Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex (SLC) Bursts collection identifies each burst from an individual IW or EW SLC product. The granule metadata describes the burst and provides links to a service which extracts the burst image from the SLC product and returns a GeoTIFF file. A link is also provided to the same service to extract the supplemental metadata files from the SLC product and return an XML file. The granules in the collection are generated for the life of the Sentinel-1 mission and include both Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B SLC products from both the IW and EW mode.

This data provides AVIRIS-NG Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and sunglint-corrected surface spectral reflectance images over the Atchafalaya and Terrebonne basins of the Mississippi River Delta (MRD) of coastal Louisiana, USA. Flights were acquired during the Spring and Fall 2021 deployments of the Delta-X campaign. The imagery was acquired by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) from 2021-03-27 to 2021-04-06 and 2021-08-18 to 2021-09-25. Reflectance data are provided as file sets for each flight line. In addition, ten files of mosaicked flight lines, by time period and over four locations (labeled Terre, Atcha, TerreEast, and Bara), are included. Files are presented as compressed (*.zip) files, containing binary ENVI image and header files. Only land pixels were corrected and mask files for the mosaic file coverage showing presence/absence of water are also included. For the Delta-X mission, these data serve to better understand rates of soil erosion, accretion, and creation in the delta system, with the goal of building better models of how river deltas will behave under relative sea level rise.

The ISRIC-WISE International soil profile data set consists of a homogenized, global set of 1,125 soil profiles for use by global modelers. These profiles provided the basis for the Global Pedon Database (GPDB) of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) - Data and Information System (DIS). The data set includes information on soil classification, site data, soil horizon data, source of data, and methods used for determining analytical data.