This database contains information compiled from published studies on gas flux from soil following rewetting or thawing. The resulting database includes 222 field and laboratory observations focused on rewetting of dry soils, and 116 field laboratory observations focused on thawing of frozen soils studies conducted from 1956 to 2010. Fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxide, and ammonia (CO2, CH4, N2O, NO and NH3) were compiled from the literature and the flux rates were normalized for ease of comparison. Field observations of gas flux following rewetting of dry soils include events caused by natural rainfall, simulated rainfall in natural ecosystems, and irrigation in agricultural lands. Similarly, thawing of frozen soils include field observations of natural thawing, simulated freezing-thawing events (i.e., thawing of simulated frozen soil by snow removal), and thawing of seasonal ice in temperate and high latitude regions (Kim et al., 2012). Reported parameters include experiment type, location, site type, vegetation, climate, soil properties, rainfall, soil moisture, soil gas flux after wetting and thawing, peak soil gas flux properties, and the corresponding study references. There is one comma-delimited data file.

The GPM Ground Validation United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Soil Moisture IFloodS dataset was collected during the Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) ground measurement campaign from April 17, 2013 to June 4, 2013. The goals of the campaign were to collect detailed measurements of precipitation at the Earth’s surface using ground instruments and advanced weather radars and to simultaneously collect data from satellites passing overhead. A total of 15 stations were deployed near the South Fork River in North Central Iowa. The soil moisture probes measure hourly instantaneous measurements of the real dielectric permittivity, soil temperature, bulk electrical conductivity, and volumetric soil moisture. This dataset also consists of precipitation amount, air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and solar radiation measurements. The data files are available in ASCII-csv and Excel file formats.

The GPM Ground Validation Oklahoma Climatological Survey Mesonet MC3E data were collected during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) in central Oklahoma during the April-June 2011 period. The overarching goal was to provide the most complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation, and the environment that has ever been obtained, providing constraints for model cumulus parameterizations and space-based rainfall retrieval algorithms over land that had never before been available. Collected by a network of weather stations, this dataset is composed of 15 minute and 5 minute files with one file per site per day in mts format. Data can be read as ASCII text. Multiple parameters found in this dataset include relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed and direction, precipitation and calibrated soil moisture. More information on the contents and data format can be found at http://www.mesonet.org/index.php/site/about/mdf_mts_files.

The GPM Ground Validation Environment Canada (EC) Weather Station XET C3VP dataset consists of surface meteorological data collected at the Environment Canada (EC) XET station at the Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) during the Canadian CloudSat/CALIPSO Validation Project (C3VP) field campaign. The campaign took place in southern Canada in support of multiple science missions, including the NASA GPM mission, in order to improve the modeling and remote sensing of winter precipitation. The XET C3VP dataset file includes temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, solar radiation, grass temperature, soil temperature, snow depth, sunshine, and precipitation measurements from October 4, 2006 through March 31, 2007 in ASCII-csv format.

The GPM Ground Validation Environment Canada (EC) Passive Microwave Radiometer and Soil Moisture-Temperature Data GCPEx dataset is consisted of data during the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) at the Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) site in Ontario, Canada during the winter season 2011-2012. GCPEx addressed shortcomings in the GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm by collecting microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow. Data collected includes microwave brightness temperatures, snow and soil/snow-air interface (ground surface temperatures), soil surface temperatures, and soil volumetric water content. These data were acquired by multiple instruments: a passive microwave radiometer, a water content reflectometer, thermistors, soil moisture probe.

The GPM Ground Validation Duke Soil Moisture dataset consists of a collection of various data obtained during the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) which occurred in the Southern Appalachians, spanning into the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of North Carolina from February 27, 2014 through October 17, 2014. The various instruments used included Theta Probes, Infrared Thermometers, 200-A Soil Core Samplers, a Global Positioning System (GPS), Soil Thermometers with Scanning L-band Active Passive (SLAP) flight concurrent survey data, and CS6161 Water Reflectometers. Data are available in a variety of formats based on instrument, including shapefiles, Excel files, Word document files, and ASCII formats. Browse images of site locations and data are available in JPG format.

These data consist of calibrated soil moisture sensor measurements recorded by manual sampling teams at the field sites of SMAPVEX16-Iowa during two intensive observation periods in June and August of 2016. The sites were located throughout an experiment domain of about 30 km by 40 km approximately 30 km north of Ames, Iowa.

ALOS PALSAR Level 2.2

DSCOVR_EPIC_L2_VESDR_02 is the Deep Space Climate ObserVatoRy (DSCOVR) EPIC Level 2 Vegetation Earth System Data Record (VESDR), Version 2 data product. It provides Leaf Area Index (LAI) and diurnal courses of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Sunlit Leaf Area Index (SLAI), Fraction of incident Photosynthetically Active Radiation (400-700 nm) absorbed by the vegetation (FPAR), Directional Area Scattering Function (DASF), Earth Reflector Type Index (ERTI) and Canopy Scattering Coefficient at 443 nm, 551 nm, 680 nm and 779 nm. The VESDR files also include Solar Zenith Angle (SZA), Solar Azimuthal Angle (SAA), View Zenith (VZA) and Azimuthal (VAA) angles at the same temporal and spatial resolutions. The parameters are projected on 8 regional 10 km SIN grids and available at 65 to 110 min temporal frequency. The version 2 VESDR product is being generated from the upstream DSCOVR EPIC L2 MAIAC (version 2) surface reflectance product.

FPAR, LAI, SLAI are useful for monitoring variability and change in global vegetation due to climate and anthropogenic influences, modeling climate, carbon and water cycles, and improving forecasting of near surface weather. DASF provides information critical to accounting for structural contributions to measurements of leaf biochemistry from remote sensing. The canopy scattering coefficient is the fraction of intercepted radiation that has been reflected from, or diffusely transmitted through, the vegetation. This parameter is strongly correlated with leaf albedo which in turn depends on leaf biochemical constituents.

We also provide two ancillary science data products, namely, “Version 2 10 km Land Cover Type” and “Version 2 Distribution of Land Cover Types within 10 km EPIC pixel.” The products were derived from 500m MODIS land cover type 3 product (MCDLCHKM), which was generated from 2008, 2009 and 2010 land cover products (MCD12Q1, v051).

A detailed description of the VESDR and ancillary science data products can be found in “VESDR Science Data Product Guide, version 2”. Section “USER'S GUIDE” provides links to this document as well as to the two ancillary science data products.

The Global Pesticide Grids (PEST-CHEMGRIDS), Version 1.01 data set contains 20 of the most-used pesticide active ingredients on 6 dominant crops and 4 aggregated crop classes at 5 arc-minute resolution (about 10 km at the equator), estimated in year 2015, and then projected to 2020 and 2025. To estimate the global application rates of specific active ingredients, spatial statistical methods were used to re-analyze the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project (USGS/PNSP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) pesticide databases, along with other public inventories including globally gridded data of soil physical properties, hydro-climatic variables, agricultural quantities, and socioeconomic indices. The application rate (APR) of each active ingredient on each crop is in kilogram per hectare per year (kg/ha-year), and the harvest area of each crop is in hectare (ha). The data set also includes 200 data quality index maps corresponding to each active ingredient on each crop, as well as maps of the 10 dominant crops and 4 aggregated crop classes. Version 1.01 includes data in GeoTIFF and netCDF formats.